Low- and mid-level equine assisted services improved mood and state anxiety levels in health-care workers

The aim of this study was to measure the effect of equine assisted services (EAS) on mood and anxiety in health-care workers. While the emotional toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt in every aspect of our society, health-care workers have been hit especially hard. A survey conducted by Mental Health America during June - September in 2020, found 93% of health-care workers were experiencing stress and 86% reported experiencing anxiety. There is research to support a wide range of interventions to address stress, low mood, and anxiety, including pharmaceuticals, physical exercise, and animal interaction. While several studies have shown an improvement in anxiety and mood after interaction with horses, few studies have included a physically active control group to consider the effect of exercise on results. In this study conducted in October 2021, participants were recruited from area hospitals and randomly assigned to a control group (30-min guided walk with no horse interaction, n = 17), a low level EAS group (30-min self-guided farm tour, n = 20), or a mid-level EAS group (30 min of grooming a horse, n = 19). Before the intervention, participants completed a demographic survey. Pre and post activity, participants completed the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) and State Anxiety Inventory for AdultsTM that measured currentfeelings of mood and anxiety, respectively. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures one-way ANOVA procedure in SPSS. This study was approved by the MSU Human Research and Protection Program and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Fifty-six health-care workers participated in the study, with 32% having worked in health care for less than 5 years and 33.9% having worked in health care for over 20 years. All participants had a significant improvement in State-Anxiety scores after completing their group activity (P < 0.001), with no differences among groups. Similarly, all groups had an improved BMIS score (P < 0.001). However, there was significantly greater improvement in BMIS scores in the mid-level EAS (P < 0.01) when compared with the control group. While all participants in this study improved both their current feelings of anxiety and mood after completing an activity on the farm, there was a greater improvement in mood in those individuals who spent 30 min grooming a horse when compared with the walk group without horse interaction. The results from this study provide further support for the impact of equine assisted services as a means of improving mood.Copyright © 2023

THE ROLE OF COMPANION ANIMALS IN SPREADING COVID-19.

Objective: In the twenty-first century, despite the development in infection management, and improvement of vaccines and therapeutic agents in the field of health, new viral outbreaks that can still be fatal in humans and animals are emerging. The infection of zoonosis COVID-19 from bat origin, the intermediate host of which is still being unclear, has appeared in people who visited animal bazaar in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared this infection a pandemic in February 2020. Millions of people have been affected by this pandemic. The fight against the pandemic has had a great economic cost and continues to do so. Even people have changed their lifestyle. In this context, there have been concerns about companion animals with COVID-19 transmission, from human to animal or animal to human. The purpose of this review was to examine the studies on the presence and transmission of COVID-19 in companion animals such as cats, dogs, hamsters and horses. Result and Discussion: It has been reported in studies that most of the companion animals (cat, dog and hamster) were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and humans could be a source of infection for them. However, the potential role of companion animals in transmission to humans is not fully known. It is clear from this pandemic that the necessity of epidemiological investigation of infectious agents, especially zoonotic ones, in one health concept has emerged once again.Copyright © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.

Transformative service research approaches for visitor experiences in major sporting events

PurposeThis research conceptualises the hallmark event, Melbourne Cup in Australia, as a major sporting brand experience. While numerous studies have explored consumer engagement and experiences in major sporting events, few research studies highlight the negative issues, such as alcoholism, gambling and violence, that may affect consumer engagement and experience. This article addresses the challenges and opportunities of providing immersive and transformative experiences through transformative service research (TSR) approaches when such negative issues are swirling around.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual. It uses the example of Melbourne Cup to illuminate aspects of the conceptual framework.FindingsThe article unpacks a myriad of positive and negative immersive brand experiences and contributes a conceptual framework to understand the sporting brand experience phenomenon and shows how authentically responsible marketing approaches can improve the sport spectator experience.Research limitations/implicationsInsights from the extended TSR framework presents implications for various organisations that are involved with strategic destination marketing approaches. It guides key stakeholders to engage in dialogue and collaborate in order to improve the attendee transformative experience. Inviting collaborators will facilitate the exchange of ideas that will improve event organisation. Consistent approaches among hospitality service providers would improve alcohol service and create a safe environment for attendees. The TSR framework guides players of the experience to engage in meaningful dialogue with a common goal to improve consumer wellbeing. Education and training therefore are key elements in the consumer sporting brand experience.Practical implicationsThe adapted TSR framework offers insights to destination marketers such as sporting agencies, tour operators and sporting organisations/clubs. Marketers may promote bigger sporting events and organise tours via travel agencies and ignore key elements that may influence attendee decision. Destination marketing organisations (DMOs) can use the framework to promote effective planning and the key initiatives that the iconic event is involved with. The framework can be used as a guide to manage similar international events. Events of major or mega size and international reputation need specific frameworks that address crowd behaviours of similar sizes.Originality/valueAn extended transformative service approach is being conceptualised for major sporting brand experiences. Practical implications are also highlighted for DMOs when raising the profile of city brands.

All the King's Horses and All the King's Men: Falling Into Moral Injury, During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Health care providers who experienced giving care or abbreviating those services, during the COVID-19 pandemic, risked experiencing a sense of moral injury. Moral injury is a term to describe incidents where a health care provider knows the right thing to do, but constraints make it exceedingly difficult or impossible to execute the right course of action. These incidents likely also were present for sonographers and vascular technologists, and it is vital that these compromises for patients are recognized, and healing strategies offered to those suffering from moral injury. Some suggestions for treatment of moral injury are to recognize these experiences, seek solutions, provide empathy for patients and resources for health care providers. It may also be beneficial to allow employees and employers to forgive the mistakes made during the pandemic and focus on solutions to prevent future incidents of moral injury.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.

COVID-19 and the Interruption of Sister Cities Activities: Lexington, Kentucky and Its Four "Sister” Thoroughbred Raising/Racing Cities

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly and negatively influenced human organizations and activities at global scales. The impacts are evident in not only the cancelation of events, but also in the postponement of events for a year or more. Countries, cities, economies and voluntary organizations have been affected by these events and activities at local, regional and international scales. One major international non-governmental organization with multiple global networks is Sister Cities International (SCI) which links businesses, schools, and community groups. Groups interested in recreation/tourism, sports, art, culture, health care, human empowerment and more are among the networks evident at all scales. This study looks specifically at the linkages of five sister cities with strong Thoroughbred racing and raising economies and how COVID-19 affected the events planned for 2020 and 2021. The specific focus is on Lexington, Kentucky, the center of the Thoroughbred industry in the U.S. Details reveal that while a few events and activities were canceled, many more were rescheduled for 2021, including the Sister Cities International conference which was held virtually in July 2021. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

A Case Report of Ivermectin-Induced Liver Failure

Introduction: Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication that is primarily metabolized by the liver. During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers demonstrated that Ivermectin successfully inhibited the replication of SARS-COV-2 in vivo, but current research has failed to demonstrate clinical benefit for treatment of COVID-19. Despite this, misinformation campaigns have misled patients to ingest Ivermectin at concentrations meant for domestic animals. Here, we present a case of acute liver failure secondary to the use of Ivermectin. Case Description/Methods: A 61-year-old man with medical history of ischemic cardiomyopathy with last echocardiogram showing ejection fraction at 21%, atrial fibrillation on warfarin for oral anticoagulation, and previously treated Hepatitis C presented with generalized weakness and yellowish discoloration of the skin worsening over the last two weeks. The patient denied significant alcohol use, acetaminophen use, or illicit drugs. He admitted to injecting himself with two doses of weight-based horse ivermectin, for COVID prophylaxis, two weeks prior to his presentation. Physical exam was pertinent for scleral icterus and hepatomegaly with no abdominal tenderness. Initial labs revealed elevated liver chemistries in a mixed pattern (Figure 1). Acute hepatitis panel, HSV, and CMV were negative. Hepatitis C antibodies were positive, but the patient was in sustained virologic response. Full workup for chronic liver disease was unremarkable. Ultrasound revealed hepatosplenomegaly with patent portal and hepatic vasculature. Subsequently, the patient developed hepatic encephalopathy along with his coagulopathy, raising concern for acute hepatic failure. The patient was transferred to the ICU and started on NAcetylcysteine, rifaximin, and supportive care. The patient recovered well and fortunately did not require liver transplant. Discussion(s): While the FDA recommends against the use of Ivermectin for COVID-19, many continue to inappropriately consume it. Ivermectin-induced liver failure is a rare but deadly side effect. Given our patient's rapid onset of symptoms post-self injection of Ivermectin, his liver injury was presumed to be related to Ivermectin. The drug interaction between Ivermectin and warfarin had worsened the patients coagulopathy. Physicians should be aware of the ways Ivermectin overdose may clinically present to avoid delayed treatment. This case demonstrates the detriments of perpetuation of medical misinformation to care.

The prevalence and changes over time of equine glandular gastric disease in a teaching herd population

Summary Background Objectives Methods Results Main limitations Conclusion The natural progression of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) in the absence of treatment has not yet been described in the literature, nor has the prevalence in a teaching herd population been reported.The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of disease in a teaching population over the study period (2019–2021) and to observe the changes over time in disease severity of naturally occurring diseases (not experimentally induced) without medical intervention.Twenty‐one horses underwent an initial gastroscopy and a repeat gastroscopy between 14 and 731 days later. Gastroscopy data were graded quantitatively and described qualitatively. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The changes over time were determined by comparing initial and repeat gastroscopies.The prevalence from initial, repeat and total number of gastroscopies was 62% (95% CI: 40.8–79.3), 71% (95% CI: 50.0–86.2) and 67% (95% CI: 51.6–79), respectively. The changes over time included worsening of disease in 29% of horses (95% CI: 13.8–50.0), improvement of disease to a lower grade in 24% (95% CI: 10.6–45.1), no change in grade in 38% (95% CI: 20.8–59.1), and complete resolution of disease to grade 0 in 10% (95% CI: 2.7–28.9).Limitations included a maximum of two gastroscopies per horse given COVID‐19 restrictions on data collection, and highly varied interval times between initial and repeat gastroscopies.In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of disease in this teaching herd. The changes over time in naturally occurring diseases without medical intervention might include worsening, improvement, no change or resolution of disease. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Equine Veterinary Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Successful matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infantile Wolman disease

Introduction: Wolman disease is a rare genetic disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance. A mutation in the LIPA gene causes lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency results in lipid storage and adrenal insufficiency. Death in early infancy is due to liver failure. Patients and methods: We describe the clinical course of a three-month-old infant diagnosed with Wolman disease. A rapid mutational analysis confirmed a LIPA gene defect. Results: He underwent matched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 3 months of age, with a treosulfan-based conditioning, which resulted in engraftment with donor-derived hematopoietic cells. He required supportive care for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and mucositis. He was administered low dose prednisolone for grade I skin graft versus host disease, and a complete donor chimerism was documented on several occasions. At one year post HSCT, his growth and development were optimal, and there was no hepatosplenomegaly. He is maintained on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid supplements for primary hypoaldosteronism. Conclusion: The case emphasizes the timely diagnosis and the potential for successful treatment of Wolman disease by HSCT. © 2022 Pediatric Hematology Oncology Chapter of Indian Academy of Pediatrics

Evaluation of safety, humoral immune response and faecal shedding in horses inoculated with a modified-live bovine coronavirus vaccination.

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is considered an emerging enteric virus with reported morbidity rates ranging from 10 to 83% and fatality rates ranging from 7 to 27% in adult horses; a vaccine for ECoV is currently not available. This study investigated the safety, humoral response and viral shedding in horses inoculated with a commercially available modified-live bovine coronavirus (BCoV) vaccine. Twelve healthy adult horses were vaccinated twice, 3 weeks apart, either orally, intranasally or intrarectally. Two healthy unvaccinated horses served as sentinel controls. Following each vaccine administration, horses were monitored daily for physical abnormalities whilst the onset and duration of BCoV shedding was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in nasal secretions and faeces. Whole blood was collected every 3 weeks to determine BCoV-specific antibody response. With the exception of transient and self-limiting changes in faecal character observed in seven vaccinated and one control horse, no additional abnormal clinical findings were found in the study horses. Following the first and second vaccine administration, two and one horse, respectively, tested qPCR-positive for BCoV in nasal secretions 1-day post intranasal vaccination. No vaccinated horses tested qPCR-positive for BCoV in faeces following each vaccine administration. One of the two horses that shed BCoV seroconverted to BCoV after the first vaccine administration and an additional two vaccinated horses (oral and intrarectal) seroconverted to BCoV after the second vaccine administration. In conclusion, the results show that the modified-live BCoV is safe to administer to horses via various routes, causes minimal virus shedding and results in detectable antibodies to BCoV in 27% of the vaccinates.

Complications in Laparoscopic Access in Standing Horses Using Cannula and Trocar Units Developed for Human Medicine.

First cannulation is a critical manoeuvre in equine laparoscopy. This retrospective study aimed at the comparison of the frequency and type of complications detected when using different human laparoscopy devices for laparoscopic access in standing horses, and the influence of body condition in such complications. Forty-four procedures were included, and retrieved data comprised cannula insertion technique, body condition, and type and frequency of complications. Laparoscopic access techniques were classified into five groups: P: pneumoperitoneum created using Veress needle prior to cannulation; T: sharp trocar; D: direct access via surgical incision; V: Visiport optical trocar and H: optical helical cannula (OHC). In groups T, D, V and H, access was achieved without prior induction of pneumoperitoneum. Complications were registered in 13/44 procedures, of which retroperitoneal insufflation was the most common (6/13). Statistically significant association was found between the complication incidence and the type of access, with group D showing the highest complication frequency (80%) and group H the lowest frequency (0%). The majority of complications (9/13) were observed in overweight horses. We conclude that devices designed for human patients can be used for laparoscopic access in standing horses, with the use of OHC minimizing the appearance of complications, especially in overweight horses with OW.

Serosurveillance of equine coronavirus infection among Thoroughbreds in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Equine coronavirus (ECoV) causes fever, lethargy, anorexia and gastrointestinal signs in horses. There has been limited information about the prevalence and seasonality of ECoV among Thoroughbreds in Japan. OBJECTIVES: To understand the epidemiology and to evaluate the potential risk of ECoV infection to the horse industry in Japan. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal. METHODS: The virus-neutralisation (VN) test was performed using sera collected three times a year at 4 months intervals from 161 yearlings and at 6-7 months intervals from 181 active racehorses in Japan in 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. VN titre ≥1:8 was defined as seropositive, and ≥4-fold increase in titres between paired sera was regarded as indicative of infection. RESULTS: The VN test showed that 44.1% (71/161) of yearlings were seropositive in August, when they first entered the yearling farm. The infection rate was significantly higher between August and December (60.9%, 98/161) than between December and the following April (5.6%, 9/161; p = 0.002). Among the racehorses, it was significantly higher between November and the following May (15.5%, 28/181) than between the preceding April/May and November (0%; p = 0.02). The morbidity rates during the estimated periods of viral exposure were 39.2% in the yearlings and 4% in the racehorses. No horses showed any severe clinical signs. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Clinical records did not cover the period during horses' absence from the training centre. CONCLUSIONS: ECoV was substantially prevalent in Thoroughbred yearlings and racehorses in Japan, and there was a difference in epizootic pattern between these populations in terms of predominant periods of infection. ECoV infection was considered to be responsible for some of the pyretic cases in the yearlings. However, no diseased horses were severely affected in either population, suggesting that the potential risk of ECoV infection to the horse industry in Japan is low.

THE ROLE OF COMPANION ANIMALS IN SPREADING COVID-19.

Objective: In the twenty-first century, despite the development in infection management, and improvement of vaccines and therapeutic agents in the field of health, new viral outbreaks that can still be fatal in humans and animals are emerging. The infection of zoonosis COVID-19 from bat origin, the intermediate host of which is still being unclear, has appeared in people who visited animal bazaar in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared this infection a pandemic in February 2020. Millions of people have been affected by this pandemic. The fight against the pandemic has had a great economic cost and continues to do so. Even people have changed their lifestyle. In this context, there have been concerns about companion animals with COVID-19 transmission, from human to animal or animal to human. The purpose of this review was to examine the studies on the presence and transmission of COVID-19 in companion animals such as cats, dogs, hamsters and horses. Result and Discussion: It has been reported in studies that most of the companion animals (cat, dog and hamster) were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and humans could be a source of infection for them. However, the potential role of companion animals in transmission to humans is not fully known. It is clear from this pandemic that the necessity of epidemiological investigation of infectious agents, especially zoonotic ones, in one health concept has emerged once again.Copyright © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.

THE ROLE OF COMPANION ANIMALS IN SPREADING COVID-19.

Objective: In the twenty-first century, despite the development in infection management, and improvement of vaccines and therapeutic agents in the field of health, new viral outbreaks that can still be fatal in humans and animals are emerging. The infection of zoonosis COVID-19 from bat origin, the intermediate host of which is still being unclear, has appeared in people who visited animal bazaar in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared this infection a pandemic in February 2020. Millions of people have been affected by this pandemic. The fight against the pandemic has had a great economic cost and continues to do so. Even people have changed their lifestyle. In this context, there have been concerns about companion animals with COVID-19 transmission, from human to animal or animal to human. The purpose of this review was to examine the studies on the presence and transmission of COVID-19 in companion animals such as cats, dogs, hamsters and horses. Result and Discussion: It has been reported in studies that most of the companion animals (cat, dog and hamster) were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and humans could be a source of infection for them. However, the potential role of companion animals in transmission to humans is not fully known. It is clear from this pandemic that the necessity of epidemiological investigation of infectious agents, especially zoonotic ones, in one health concept has emerged once again.Copyright © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.

Coronavirus Pandemic: Role of Bats And Zoonotic Transmission in Humans

Background: In the past two decades, the human coronavirus (HCoV) outbreaks have gripped the international communities almost six times in different forms [HCoV-OC43 (2001);HCoV-NL63 (2004);SARS-CoV (2003);HCoV HKU1 (2005);MERS-CoV (2012);SARS-CoV--2 (2019)]. These emerging pathogens have been proven very challenging from medical perspec-tives, economic conditions, and psychological impact on human society. Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, has evidenced a historic yet troublesome pandemic across the globe. In humans, its clinical manifestations may range from asymptomatic, severe pneumonia to mortality. Bats are the natural reservoirs of a variety of viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae. Most of the bats harboring coronaviruses mainly reside in Asian and African regions. Objective(s): The objective was to describe the various characteristic features of all coronaviruses, clinical manifestations, and complications associated with SARS-CoV-2. The major goal was to highlight the involvement of the strong immune system of bats in the cross-species transmission of coronaviruses in intermediate hosts and, finally, zoonotic transmission in humans. Methodology: A systematic literature search was conducted for high quality research and review ar-ticles. We searched the databases for articles published between the year 1972 to 2020 with search terms zoonosis, coronaviruses, zoonotic transmissions, clinical manifestations, and the immune system of bats. Conclusion(s): The domestic and non-domestic animals come in closer contact with humans. Some requisite measures should be taken to decrease the contact with livestock to prevent further threatening viral transmissions. Furthermore, the remarkable immune system of bats is required to in-quire thoroughly to develop novel therapeutics to conquer the evolving coronaviruses in the future.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

Brain gene therapy with Trojan horse lipid nanoparticles.

The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was developed by the scalable manufacture of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate mRNA within the lipid. There are many potential applications for this large nucleic acid delivery technology, including the delivery of plasmid DNA for gene therapy. However, gene therapy for the brain requires LNP delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is proposed that LNPs could be reformulated for brain delivery by conjugation of receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the LNP surface. The MAb acts as a molecular Trojan horse to trigger receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) of the LNP across the BBB and subsequent localization to the nucleus for transcription of the therapeutic gene. Trojan horse LNPs could enable new approaches to gene therapy of the brain.

Adult and Paediatric Case-based Conference 2021

The proceedings contain 68 papers. The topics discussed include: post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis;cancer, covid and control of RA - a toxic combination?;continuation of golimumab (anti-TNF) in a patient with SpA and low-risk prostate cancer, what is the right decision?;orbital lymphoma in a 72-year-old lady with rheumatoid arthritis: an argument for rituximab;a case of cancer mimicking inflammatory arthritis;managing relapsing and refractory lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report;a case of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus with pyrexia of unknown origin;recurring brachial plexopathy- the zebra among the horses;and Neisseria meningitidis as a cause of isolated bilateral polyarticular native knee joint septic arthritis.

Pilot Study on Annual Horse Movements by Air and the Possible Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

There is a lack of information on the number of horses shipped globally by air annually, the purpose of air travel and the routes of their journeys. This pilot study aimed to collect retrospective data on the international movements of horses by air from 2018 to 2021, describe their routes, and identify the possible effects of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Equine transport data was gathered from 7 of 15 international shipping companies (ISCs) and 5 of 8 airlines contacted by email. The seven ISCs performed a median of 10,401 horse movements annually, ranging from a few hundred to several thousand movements per company, most frequently in Europe (Western and Northern Europe), Middle East/Africa (Middle East, Southern Africa), Asia Pacific (Australia), and the Americas (North and South America). The five airlines performed a median of 10,656 horse movements annually, importing and exporting horses to and from Europe, North America, Australasia, and the Middle East. For all but one airline, the number of horse movements decreased in 2020. The number and journey characteristics of horses transported by air require further scientific studies focused on the epidemiological and welfare risks unique to this type of transport to enable the development and implementation of best practices and regulations based on objective evidence.

Adult and Paediatric Case-based Conference 2021

The proceedings contain 68 papers. The topics discussed include: post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis;cancer, covid and control of RA - a toxic combination?;continuation of golimumab (anti-TNF) in a patient with SpA and low-risk prostate cancer, what is the right decision?;orbital lymphoma in a 72-year-old lady with rheumatoid arthritis: an argument for rituximab;a case of cancer mimicking inflammatory arthritis;managing relapsing and refractory lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report;a case of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus with pyrexia of unknown origin;recurring brachial plexopathy- the zebra among the horses;and Neisseria meningitidis as a cause of isolated bilateral polyarticular native knee joint septic arthritis.

Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Severe Aplastic Anemia in Adults: An Experience from Tertiary Care Centre in North India

Introduction: Untreated/refractory severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is associated with very high mortality. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy remains mainstay of treatment but these treatments are timely available to only a select subset of patients. Recently eltrombopag has been approved for treatment of SAA. Aims & Objectives: We aimed to describe clinical profile and treatment response in patients with SAA from a tertiary care centre. Material(s) and Method(s): A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with SAA over a period of 7 years from January 2015-December 2021 was performed. The details of demographic profile, laboratory features, treatment given and response were analyzed. Result(s): Ninety patients were diagnosed with SAA during this period out of which 18 patients went elsewhere for treatment. Seventy-two patients who received treatment in our hospital were included in the analysis. Sixty-two patients were SAA while 10 VSAA. PNH screening was done in 24 patients, out of which 17 (70%) had small clone. The details of treatment and response achieved is shown in Table 1. Eight patients (11.1%) received matched related donor allogenic hemopoietic cell transplant, out of which one had rejection followed by auto recovery while one died 6 months later due to covid 19 disease. Sixty-four patients received immunosuppressive therapy, forty-nine (76%) responded. Recurrence of SAA occurred in two patients who has achieved complete response to ATG therapy;one received second course of horse ATG + CSA + ETP and responded again. Conclusion(s): Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection is of utmost importance to achieve optimal outcome in severe aplastic anemia. Eltrombopag has become an important addition not only in front line but also in relapsed refractory aplastic anemia. Patients lacking donor, or resources for ATG should be treated with cyclosporine and eltrombopag as early as possible. (Table Presented).

Langya: A New Henipavirus in China

China once again has a new virus outbreak which may be a Global health issue. First case of LayV) in human was reported on 8 August 2022, total 35 cases were reported. This may be a global health issue as like Covid 19. This novel Langya virus is from the genus henipavirus, which currently comprises of 7 viruses, Hendra (HeV), Nipah (NiV) of this genus were proved fatal. Research findings suggested shrews may be a natural reservoir for the pathogen. Symptoms of this infection include fever, fatigue, cough, nausea and headaches. Mostly the cases were reported in patients who are in contact with pigs and sick horses. More study is needed in this case for concluding human-to-human transmission. Till today there is no any special vaccine or approved treatment for henipavirus, it also includes Langya virus. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.